Why Do We Do What We Do?

I was born in 1960, so I grew up at a time when obeying your parents and teachers was expected, and they were to be respected. My father was a pastor, and one thing he preached about more than once was the ten commandments, one at a time–OK, maybe not #7, the adultery one. I knew what was expected of me even if I didn’t understand why, but little pagan that I was, it seemed I often found myself in trouble at my local Christian school.

As I grew older, I had a lot of “why” questions about various things, including why I should obey what the Bible said. After I became a Christian at age 20, I gradually found myself having more of a desire to live in obedience; however, as I was reading through Proverbs, Chapter 16:2 brought me up short: “All a man’s ways seem innocent to him, but motives are weighed by the Lord.” Five chapters later, Chapter 21:2 says, “All a man’s ways seem right to him, but the Lord weighs the heart.” I realized that doing the right thing was not enough; it was important for me to understand my own motives. As a prime example, I have always enjoyed compliments of various kinds; who doesn’t? However, I realized that kind of desire was very strong in me after I read Gary Chapman’s The Five Love Languages; words of affirmation were #2 in my ranking (and are probably #1 now). Reading further in Proverbs, here’s what Chapter 27:2 says: “Let another praise you, and not your own mouth; someone else, and not your own lips.” OK, so I realized that I should not boast. However, the second part of Chapter 27:21 takes it a step further: “Man is tested by the praise he receives.” Ouch. In John 12:42-43, we read, “Yet at the same time many even among the leaders believed in him [Jesus]. But because of the Pharisees they would not confess their faith for fear they would be put out of the synagogue; for they loved praise from men more than praise from God.” I had to examine myself; did I love praise from men more than praise from God? How was I to live by this in the deepness of my heart, where only the Lord can truly see?

I eventually found my answer in 1 Corinthians 10:31, which tells us, “So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God.” When people praise me, I want to give the glory to God, not to myself; after all, He has given me everything I have. There are times when I have thanked the Lord out loud, depending on who has complimented or thanked me; sometimes I just say “Thank you” (to my ESL students throughout the years, for example), but inwardly, I always try to remember to give Him the glory. I have written more about this here, regarding humility: https://keithpetersenblog.com/2020/05/20/what-does-humility-look-like/; and here, regarding my purpose in life: https://keithpetersenblog.com/2022/01/13/what-is-your-purpose-in-life/.

Another verse I came across that further motivated me to examine my motives is James 4:3: “When you ask, you do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, that you may spend what you get on your pleasures.” I realized I should always pray that the Lord’s will be done when I pray about something or someone, but this verse took it a step further, emphasizing my motives, once again.

Sometimes we need to ask ourselves corporately, as a church body, about our motives. Last year I was reading in Zechariah 7:5-6, where the Lord tells the prophet this: “Ask all the people of the land and the priests, ‘When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months for the past seventy years [while you were in captivity in Babylon], was it really for me that you fasted? And when you were eating and drinking, were you not just feasting for yourselves?'” This speaks to our church traditions as well as other religious ones, even fasting: is our focus on the Lord? Do we even understand why we have certain traditions?

Finally, I need to speak to my own tendency to “judge.” I have written about this elsewhere: https://keithpetersenblog.com/2020/08/11/who-are-you-to-judge/ One of the conclusions that I came to was in the form of a question: when I criticize another believer, whether openly or inwardly, am I condemning, or do I genuinely want the person to renounce their sin and live according to the faith that they profess? This again addresses the question of motive.

I suppose someone might ask, “If I can’t do something for the right motive, should I still do it?” I’ll answer that with a brief vignette: When my kids were young, my wife asked me one Saturday if I wanted to go out with her and them, as well as another mom and her kids. My initial response was “No” because I thought how good it would be just to relax at home; my wife didn’t pressure me at all, either. However, as I thought about it, I realized it was something I ought to do regardless of whether I felt like it or not. On the outing, which was out in nature, I realized after a couple of hours that I was actually enjoying it, and I felt the Lord’s smile. That was enough to motivate me in the future: not that it was wrong to stay home sometimes in similar situations, but that it was good and right–and fun!–for me to do things with my family more often than not–especially out in the Lord’s creation!

I trust it’s clear that this post is at least as much about myself as it is about anyone else out there. I have to regularly evaluate why I do what I do. If you’re a believer, I hope you will do the same. If you’re not a believer, I pray that you will be motivated to investigate Christianity in a deeper way.

Harmless Pranks, or Dangerous and Damaging Behavior?

One afternoon a couple months ago, someone rang my doorbell and pounded on my door. When I went outside, there was a boy on a bike, and he “apologized” for his “dweeb” friend. I told him that I didn’t hold it against them. A few hours later, however, I heard (and even felt) what sounded like someone kicking my garage door. Since it was dark, I couldn’t get a good look, but the next morning, I noticed a footprint on the door. My wife said it was “retaliation” for my “catching” them at the front door, and I realized she was right; two incidents just a few hours apart was too coincidental. Over the next four weeks or so, there were three more incidents of either ringing the doorbell or kicking the garage door; we also discovered that they had turned off a couple of breakers, which explained why our AC and dryer weren’t working one morning.

A couple more weeks passed, and I thought that perhaps the boys had had their fill of “fun.” However, when I was woken up at 1:30 A.M. by another kick at the garage door a couple weeks ago, I decided I’d had enough. I recalled that my wife and I had an account with Nextdoor, an app which describes itself as “an app for neighborhoods where you can get local tips, buy and sell items, and more.” I looked over the most recent posts in my city, but I didn’t find any incidents like the ones we had been experiencing. I made a brief post about what had been happening and asked if anyone else had had a similar experience. The next morning, someone posted that the past few nights, someone had turned off their breakers, so the night before, she and her husband had been on alert. When their lights went off, they quickly went outside and saw two boys, who were “shocked” at being followed to the home of one of them. While the boys “hid” in the bushes, the couple confronted the mother, told her what had been happening, and said that if it happened again, the police would be at her door. She didn’t even know where her son was at at that moment, but she apologized; furthermore, she said that the police needed to be contacted to teach the boys a lesson! This woman who had confronted the mother shared further on Nextdoor that on his way down the stairs the previous night after their power was shut off, her husband had almost fallen; she asked who would pay the medical bills if he had? Amazingly, when my wife and I had been discussing our problem the day before, she posed the same question, hypothetically; a few hours later, it was almost not hypothetical at all!

Predictably, as the days went by and other people posted their comments in the continuing thread, some of them wrote things like “kids will be kids” and how they’re bored but just doing harmless, mischievous stuff. In at least one case, the commenter said that what the kids were doing was not right but that it wasn’t just the kids or their parents who were at fault; it was everyone’s fault because our community had closed down some entertainment venues (a roller-skating rink, for example). Other people responded that regardless, it’s still the responsibility of parents to know what their kids are doing. I would add here that it’s easy, of course, to excuse misbehavior when you’re not a target; at least one other person said the same thing. Admittedly, some people sounded a bit extreme, like one person who said the kids would probably be in prison soon; on the other hand, I would say that if this kind of behavior goes unchecked, it is likely to escalate, and prison will be a possibility in another ten years or so.

Some people posted comments that asked all of us to remember when we were kids and we (one person said at least 60% of us (?!)) were doing the same thing, playing ding dong ditch (ringing doorbells and running). There were two things that troubled me about such comments. One was that they seemed to ignore the door-kicking and the shutting off of breakers that had been happening. The second was that as they reflected on their own childhood misbehavior, there was no acknowledgment of wrongdoing. It seemed as though they were defending the kids, and in the process they were defending themselves. For myself, I remember some wrongdoing from childhood; there was a time when I threw a raw egg in the car of a teacher I didn’t like, for example, but I have asked the Lord’s forgiveness for that. That happened a couple thousand miles from where I live now, but if I were to encounter that teacher now, I would confess and also ask his forgiveness.

Interestingly, since my initial post, there have been at least three more accounts by other people on Nextdoor of ding dong ditching and kicking in my city, but not by the same two boys; I’m sure of this because of video evidence. As for myself: I’m convinced that the two boys who were “caught” that night by the other couple are the same two who were “pranking” us, partly because I now have the address of the boy whose mom the couple talked to. Neither we nor they have experienced any more of these “pranks,” either. I’m very thankful for the response of the mother who, rather than trying to defend her son, indicated that police involvement would be good if necessary.

Here’s a good summary comment by someone on Nextdoor about this whole situation: “Kids shutting off power and kicking in garage doors are not innocent kids ‘just having fun.’ There is a level of maliciousness and intent that goes into these actions and they are well aware of what they are doing.” I know that some who are reading this will object to the word “maliciousness,” but I agree 100% with this comment. For myself, I can put up with “ding dong ditching” to a degree as long as it’s not happening late at night; however, as this commenter says, shutting off power and kicking doors is not just kids “having fun.” It can be dangerous, as the man who almost fell down the stairs found out; it can also be damaging, although thankfully, I’ve found out that my garage door is “tough.” However, I can easily see kids escalating their bad behavior to where they’re breaking things, for example. Furthermore, this kind of behavior can be dangerous and damaging to the kids, as well; one person asked what might happen if the kids encounter a homeowner in the middle of the night who thinks they are intruders. Also, as I mentioned earlier, if their behavior is unchecked, it’s likely to escalate, and the consequences to them and their community could be devastating.

If you are the parent of a minor, please keep track of where your kids are and know what they’re doing. Even better, keep them involved in activities–especially in the summer, and at least to some degree with you!

AI and the Changing Face of Plagiarism

As a retired professor of ESL, I have been watching developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) over the past few years with interest, particularly ChatGPT, which is a chatbot and virtual assistant. OpenAI, which spawned ChatGPT, was founded in December 2015; ChatGPT was launched in November 2022. The pace of change in our contemporary world is absolutely astounding!

One area related to AI which has been of particular interest to me is plagiarism. As I thought about it, I realized that plagiarism can be roughly divided into three eras: pre-1995; 1995-late 2002; and late 2002-present. I suppose that plagiarism has been around as long as colleges and universities have been in existence. We can roughly define it as including the ideas of others in your writing (or speaking) without giving credit to them. When I was in college, we were warned of the consequences of plagiarism, including possible expulsion; therefore, we were taught how to cite others whose ideas we were using. This included using others’ exact words (which required quotes but should be done sparingly) as well as paraphrasing the ideas of others; either way, we had a healthy fear of the consequences of not citing. (A side note: several years later when I was teaching in a Third World country, I discovered that my students were freely plagiarizing; when I talked to them about it, they had a very hard time understanding it because in their culture, using the ideas of famous writers without citation was good and right! I had to adjust how I thought about it.)

The launch of Windows 95 marked a sea change in society, as the Internet became widely available and accessible. Along with it came early search engines, such as WebCrawler and Lycos. Three years later, Google was launched, and there continue to be other search engines as well, such as DuckDuckGo. On the one hand, search engines made plagiarizing easy for students; they could simply copy and paste from a given website. However, the danger was that suspicious professors could do a search themselves to detect possible plagiarism, as some of my own students discovered! In one of my classes (in the U.S.), without revealing the perpetrator, I showed the class an essay and the website from which it was copied, word for word. Interestingly, the perpetrator spoke up and admitted her “crime.” Since I hadn’t said much, if anything, to this class about plagiarism yet, I gave her a 50% on it, but it was now very clear to the class what plagiarism was.

As I alluded to at the outset, ChatGPT has been around a mere year and eight months; among other things, it has ushered in a whole new kind of plagiarism, with a twist. Students can use ChatGPT to essentially write paragraphs and essays; what it produces is an amalgamation of ideas from various sources. I have seen some examples of what ChatGPT produces, and it often looks “stilted,” meaning that it lacks individuality and sounds rather robotic. Turnitin (created in 1998) is a tool widely used by teachers to help them determine whether a student has plagiarized. And now, it has an AI Writing Indicator, which is a percentage indicating the likelihood that a student’s writing was AI-generated. In fact, to make it even better, the portion(s) of the writing that are “suspicious” are highlighted. This is a great tool for professors! However, proving plagiarism is more difficult than when a student (like mine, above) simply copies and pastes. At the same time, ChatGPT users need to be careful because of a phenomenon called “hallucinating.” This is when the writing contains factual errors and sometimes outright nonsense. Thus, if students are using ChatGPT to quickly produce something without checking and editing the product, the plagiarism can be very obvious.

Last year, a designer of ChatGPT reported that he told it to write WhatsApp messages using his unique writing style (including emojis); only 10% of his friends were fooled into thinking that he had written them. Similarly, after seeing multiple examples of a student’s writing, professors come to know a student’s “voice” to some degree. If you’ve taken composition classes, particularly at more advanced levels, you’ve probably heard professors talking about developing your own “voice” as a writer, meaning that each writer has his or her own unique style. One of my favorite examples of this is when a student of mine included this sentence in her narrative essay: “My husband lost his smile.” That is truly a wonderful sentence, expressing something unique that I doubt a chatbot could ever produce.

I have to admit that I’m glad I retired when I did, for numerous reasons; one of them is ChatGPT. If I were still teaching, one thing I would do is significantly increase in-class writing, using a pencil and no electronic device. I would also put a stronger emphasis on citing, depending on the level of the ESL class I was teaching. When students have to cite, using ChatGPT becomes more difficult.

I suppose it sounds like I am very down on AI and its applications. Actually, I understand that it has many amazing uses, including robotics, most obviously. And over the decades, I have enjoyed a lot of good sci-fi in books and movies that include AI! I also understand that AI has wonderful applications in many sectors of society; health care is one obvious example.

Since my blog is focused on Biblical answers to questions and issues, what does the Bible have to say about plagiarism? I think that both the eighth and ninth commandments apply here. Exodus 20:15-16 tell us, “You shall not steal. You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.” When students plagiarize, in essence they are stealing someone’s ideas because they are not giving them credit for it. They are also in essence lying by implying, “This is my work” when it’s not.

AI, including ChatGPT, has made our world more complicated, certainly including when it comes to plagiarism. Teachers can instruct their students about it and urge them not to do it, but some are going to plagiarize, regardless. Thankfully, there are tools and strategies to help teachers deal with it. May we who claim the name of Christ not plagiarize, and may we instruct our kids why they shouldn’t do it, either.

A final note: I never use AI when writing anything, including my blog posts. If I ever get to the point where I can no longer write clearly, I will simply stop writing them!

How Much Should Christians Give?

When my wife and I were newlyweds, we were part of a church that occasionally included a bulletin insert called “The Church around the World.” It included news snippets about God’s people, the church, in various countries, including the U.S. One news item that caught my eye was the percentage of income given by American Christians. I was shocked to read that the average was only 3%.

This recently came to mind again because of a conversation centered on giving that came up in my Sunday-school class. If you’ve been reading my blog for a while, you may have noticed that I like referring to statistics, particularly percentages. While they don’t tell a complete story, they can be very illuminating. Thus, you probably won’t be surprised that I decided to research the percentage of giving by American Christians now. Two different websites gave the same figure: a paltry 2.5%. In other words, over the last 35 years, giving has decreased by 17%; this dovetails precisely with another statement about giving, which is that 17% of American families have reduced the amount that they give to their local church. (The time frame was not specified.) Lest we think that our giving somehow correlates with financially hard times, think again: during the Great Depression, the figure was 3.3%.

When some American churchgoers talk about giving, they mention tithing, which means giving 10%; this is because the leadership of some churches teach that we ought to tithe. As always, we need to examine Scripture for ourselves to see what it teaches. In the Old Testament, tithing was mandatory for the Israelites, but is it mandatory for us in the New Testament? As a support for continued tithing, some have referred to Matthew 23:23, where Jesus says, “Woe to you, teachers of the law and Pharisees, you hypocrites! You give a tenth of your spices—mint, dill and cummin. But you have neglected the more important matters of the law—justice, mercy and faithfulness. You should have practiced the latter, without neglecting the former.” Jesus says the same thing in Luke 11:42. Speaking to the Jewish leaders, Jesus affirmed the OT law of tithing, but He said that there were other matters of the law that were more important. There is one other New Testament book, Hebrews, where tithing is mentioned, but there is nowhere in the New Testament where God’s people, the church, are commanded to tithe. Why? Because we are not under the Old Testament law, which is emphasized especially, but not only, in the book of Romans. I refer you here to an excellent, more detailed post about tithing by a brother in Christ who goes by the name Sola Scriptura: https://followingjesuschrist3.com/2017/09/03/tithing-and-the-new-testament-church/comment-page-1/#respond I also refer you here to a post I wrote about Christians and the Old Testament law, which briefly mentions tithing but is focused on the Ten Commandments: https://keithpetersenblog.com/2020/10/29/are-christians-obligated-to-obey-the-old-testament-law/

If Christians are not obligated to tithe, then how much should we give? I believe that 2 Corinthians 9:6-7 answers this question, but not with a percentage: “Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously. Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver.” These are wonderful verses! They encourage us to give generously and cheerfully. And let me repeat from verse 7: we should give what we have decided in our hearts, not reluctantly or under compulsion.

Less than a year after I got married, my wife and I went to a Third World country to teach English under the auspices of a Christian educational organization; we were generously supported with both money and prayer by many brothers and sisters back home. When we returned to the U.S. after three years, we didn’t have much at first, but we were determined to give generously (and cheerfully!) anyway, just as we had been given to while we were overseas. After another three years, we moved to the city where we were teaching. The pastor of the church we joined there taught that we should tithe. While I disagreed that tithing was an obligation, my wife and I decided to tithe to our church and then also to give to other charitable organizations, including ones that people we knew were working for/through. And sometimes, albeit less often, we would give money directly to an individual brother or sister. Frankly, it wasn’t much different from what we had been doing the previous three years anyway. (We have continued something close to that at our current church as well.)

One thing I liked that our pastor way back then said was that tithing was like “training wheels;” in other words, start with that and then give even more. Interestingly, I came across this statistic: 77% of Americans who tithe give 11%–20% or more of their income, which I suppose might support the training wheels analogy. I believe that pastor honestly thought tithing was obligatory for the New Testament church; in other words, I don’t believe that he was teaching it just to “get money” (including his salary). At the same time, I believe he was wrong.

I should add that some might ask something like, “I don’t feel cheerful about giving; should I do it anyway?” I would say, if you’re a believer and you’re not giving yet, start with something, no matter what the amount may be; if you’re already giving, then keep doing it. Either way, I believe the cheerfulness will come, and you will have the desire to give more. Maybe the lack of cheerfulness is because you’ve been feeling the compulsion of having to give a set percentage, which is not what the New Testament teaches.

Let me close with Psalm 125:5-6, another pair of my favorite verses. Notice again the words “sow” and “reap:” “Those who sow in tears will reap with songs of joy. He who goes out weeping, carrying seed to sow, will return with songs of joy, carrying sheaves with him.” When I think of these verses, I think of godly pastors, missionaries, and others who spread the Gospel; financial giving is one of the things that helps make it possible. May our financial giving be both generous and cheerful, not because we feel under compulsion, but because it is a means to strengthen God’s people and to help draw others to faith in Jesus Christ.

The Death of DEI in Business?

The abbreviation DEI (Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion) has become a common way of signaling goals in both education and business, particularly since the death of George Floyd four years ago. DEI has two primary foci: race and sexual identity/orientation. In other words, the goal of DEI programs is to have broader representation from different races/ethnic groups and the LGBTQ community.

This may seem like a laudable goal to some, but the word “equity” merits a closer look because of its similarity (at least in spelling) to “equality.” Historically, when people talked about equality, it meant equality of opportunity; however, over time it has come to mean something closer to equality of outcomes. Equity-focused initiatives take this a step further, seeking to not only increase people of “color” and people from the LGBTQ community in the workplace, but to have a “chief diversity officer” as part of companies’ executive-level managerial teams, for example.

A year ago, the Supreme Court’s affirmative action decision effectively did away with race-based university admissions, and it appears that businesses have also taken note. Here are some examples of businesses distancing themselves, at least to some degree, from DEI over the past year.

  • By mid-2023, DEI-related job postings had declined 44% from the same time a year prior, according to data from job site Indeed.
  • Devika Brij, CEO of Brij the Gap Consulting, which works with tech companies’ DEI efforts, said that some companies had cut nearly 90% of their DEI budget by mid-2023.
  • At least six major U.S. companies, including JPMorgan Chase, revised their diversity policies last year after receiving multiple public shareholder letters that said their DEI programs constitute illegal discrimination and breach the directors’ duties to investors.
  • Mentions of DEI in S&P 500 earnings calls took a nosedive from 34 in the fourth quarter of 2020 (seven months after George Floyd’s death) to just 4 in the fourth quarter of 2023 (six months after the Supreme Court’s affirmative action decision).
  • Google fired ~50 employees two months ago in connection with their sit-in protests at two of its offices. They were protesting Google’s cloud-computing contract with Israel.

You might question whether the last example is about DEI. I would say that it is because 1) Members of the terrorist group Hamas, which attacked Israel, have darker skin than Israelis; 2) People who favor DEI programs tend to be Democrats, and the protesters against Israel since the invasion by Hamas last October have been heavily Democratic.

Fundamentally, DEI programs and initiatives have as their goal preferential treatment based primarily on skin color and sexual orientation/identity, not on ability and skills. Some have called it a form of reverse discrimination in the same way that people have talked and written against affirmative action for decades. When Florida governor Ron DeSantis banned DEI initiatives at public universities, for example, he said that what DEI stands for is “Discrimination, Exclusion and Indoctrination.” Your politics may or may not align with DeSantis’s, but I think most people would agree there is a lot of truth in his statement. Furthermore, DEI has become an object of mockery thanks to the Internet meme “Didn’t Earn It,” recently popularized by Ian Miles Cheong, a conservative journalist, and Scott Adams, the Dilbert cartoonist. Like it or not, that meme also conveys a good deal of truth.

Thanks to the Supreme Court decision last year, we have reached the point in the U.S. where we should be able to put affirmative action in the rearview mirror. I think that eventually, we will be able to say the same of DEI. Six months ago, Elon Musk said, “DEI must DIE.” I agree, and the sooner the better.